What we think
Independent, vendor-neutral engineering work — published so clients can assess the thinking before they commission it. Full papers on request.
Market-view papers
A Modular Communications Architecture for Critical Infrastructure
How utilities evolve from private LTE and 450 MHz to 5G RedCap, NTN and 6G — a global perspective, 2026–2045.
Utility communications look fragmented — private LTE, 450 MHz, fiber, LPWAN, RedCap, satellite. This paper argues the fragmentation is only on the surface: the winning design is not any single radio generation but a modular, function-driven architecture, where each layer is matched to what the application needs and the radio becomes a replaceable block rather than a generational commitment. A utility sees whether its path builds continuous modernization or a hidden forklift replacement. A vendor sees where its product fits the architecture — and where it does not.
→ Request the full paperDeterministic Communications and Modern Protection Coordination
Why the collapse window has compressed from minutes to seconds — and what that demands of the network.
As inverter-based resources displace synchronous generation, cascade timelines have compressed by two orders of magnitude; the decisive final cascade of the April 2025 Iberian blackout unfolded in approximately eight seconds. From cascade physics — not vendor preference — this paper derives a sub-10-millisecond bound for transmission protection coordination and explains why statistical cellular bearers cannot meet that requirement by themselves. The analysis draws on a dozen real events, including Iberia, Chile, Czechia, three Brazilian cases, Paraguay and the Dominican Republic. The finding that recurs is clear: monitoring is not coordination. In several events, instability was detected and action was taken — what was lost was the time available for coordination.
→ Request the full paperPlacing your network — or your product — inside these findings, against your spectrum and regulatory context, is the work of our Independent Technical Advisory practice.
Industry contributions
Modernizing Without Forklifts · proposed for the UTC Journal
The installed base is an asset-management decision — retain, integrate or succeed a network on condition, risk and performance, not on equipment age or a vendor’s roadmap.
One Grid, Many Spectrum Paths · proposed for CIGRE ELECTRA
Spectrum policy is national and diverges; propagation physics and grid traffic are universal and do not. Spectrum is the long-lived asset; the air interface is not.
Presented and published through international technical forums as part of our Executive Education & Knowledge Transfer practice.
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